Atopic dermatitis incidence and risk factors in young adults in Castellon (Spain): A prospective cohort study

INTRODUCTION: There are few atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence cohort studies in young adults, the etiology of this disease remains obscure, and AD risk factors in adults are not well understood. The objective of this study was to estimate AD ten-year incidence and prevalence in a cohort of adolescent aged 14-16 at inception in Castellon province in Valencia Region, Spain and describe related risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2002 to 2012, a population-based prospective cohort study was carried out. Questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were used with an additional questionnaire for related factors completed by participants and their parents, respectively, in 2002. In 2012 the same questionnaires were completed by the participants' through a telephone interview, and incidence and prevalence of AD were estimated. Directed acyclic graphs, Poisson regression and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment were used. RESULTS: The participation rate was 79.5% (1435/1805) with AD lifetime prevalence of 34.9% and AD incidence of 13.5 per 1000 person years. Females presented higher prevalence and incidence than males. After adjustment significant risk factors were being female, history of asthma or allergic rhinitis, family history of AD, history of respiratory infections, history of bronchitis, history of pneumonia, history of sinusitis, and birthplace outside Castellon province. The highest AD population attributable risks were female, 30.3%, and history of respiratory infections 15.3%. Differences with AD childhood risk factors were found. CONCLUSIONS: AD incidence in our cohort was high and several risks factors were related to AD

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Atopic dermatitis incidence and risk factors in young adults in Castellon (Spain): A prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: There are few atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence cohort studies in young adults, the etiology of this disease remains obscure, and AD risk factors in adults are not well understood. The objective of this study was to estimate AD ten-year incidence and prevalence in a cohort of adolescent aged 14-16 at inception in Castellon province in Valencia Region, Spain and describe related risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2002 to 2012, a population-based prospective cohort study was carried out. Questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were used with an additional questionnaire for related factors completed by participants and their parents, respectively, in 2002. In 2012 the same questionnaires were completed by the participants' through a telephone interview, and incidence and prevalence of AD were estimated. Directed acyclic graphs, Poisson regression and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment were used. RESULTS: The participation rate was 79.5% (1435/1805) with AD lifetime prevalence of 34.9% and AD incidence of 13.5 per 1000 person years. Females presented higher prevalence and incidence than males. After adjustment significant risk factors were being female, history of asthma or allergic rhinitis, family history of AD, history of respiratory infections, history of bronchitis, history of pneumonia, history of sinusitis, and birthplace outside Castellon province. The highest AD population attributable risks were female, 30.3%, and history of respiratory infections 15.3%. Differences with AD childhood risk factors were found. CONCLUSIONS: AD incidence in our cohort was high and several risks factors were related to AD.

Vitamin D status and latent tuberculosis infection: conversion in nursing homes, Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential association between vitamin D (VitD) deficiency and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and its effect on TB infection conversion (TBIC) incidence.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of nine pulmonary TB cases that occurred in 2015-2016 in five nursing homes and one mental disability institution in Castellon, Spain. QuantiFERON®-TB Gold and the tuberculin skin test were used to detect LTBI and TBIC, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Poisson regression and inverse probability weighting were used for statistical analyses.RESULTS: The study included 448 residents, 341 staff members with 48 relatives of TB cases (participation rate 82%): of these, respectively 122 (27.2%), 37 (10.9%) and 7 (14.6%) were LTBI-positive; and respectively 22 (7.7%), 10 (3.8%) and 1 (3.7%) were TBIC-positive. LTBI was not associated with VitD status. Severe VitD deficiency (SVDD; defined as VitD level < 10 ng/ml), found in 45.1% of residents, as well as VitD levels of <30 ng/ml (aRR 10.41 95% CI 1.48-73.26), were associated with increased TBIC risk (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 12.1, 95% CI 1.51-97.10), suggesting SVDD as a threshold effect. CONCLUSION: Severe VitD deficiency is a TBIC risk factor.

Incidence of asthma in young adults from Castellon, Spain: A prospective cohort study

Background: The objective was to estimate the incidence of asthma in young adults from 13-15 years old to 23-25 years old, and associated factors. Methods: In 2012, a population-based prospective cohort study was carried out in Castellon from the cohort who had participated in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood in 1994 and 2002. A telephone survey was undertaken using the same questionnaires. A new case of asthma was defined as a participant free of the disease in 2002 who suffered asthma, was diagnosed with asthma, or took medications against asthma based on self-report from 2002 to 2012. Results: The mean age of participants was 24.9 ± 0.6 with a follow-up of 79.1%. Asthma cumulative incidence was 3.4%: 44 new cases occurred among 1280 participants. The incidence was higher in females than males with relative risk (RR) =2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.8). A significant decrease of asthma incidence density was observed (8.2 cases to 3.5 cases per 1000 person/year). Factors associated with the incidence of asthma were allergic rhinitis (RR = 4.05; 95% CI 1.7-9.6), bronchitis (RR = 2.13; 95% CI 1.0-4.5), mother's age at time of birth (RR=0.87; 95% CI 0.8-0.9) and a pet other than a dog or cat (RR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.2-0.9). For gender, some variations in the risk factors were observed. Conclusions: A significant decrease in the incidence of asthma was observed. Several risk and protective factors were found (AU)

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Incidence of asthma in young adults from Castellon, Spain: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The objective was to estimate the incidence of asthma in young adults from 13-15 years old to 23-25 years old, and associated factors. METHODS: In 2012, a population-based prospective cohort study was carried out in Castellon from the cohort who had participated in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood in 1994 and 2002. A telephone survey was undertaken using the same questionnaires. A new case of asthma was defined as a participant free of the disease in 2002 who suffered asthma, was diagnosed with asthma, or took medications against asthma based on self-report from 2002 to 2012. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 24.9±0.6 with a follow-up of 79.1%. Asthma cumulative incidence was 3.4%: 44 new cases occurred among 1280 participants. The incidence was higher in females than males with relative risk (RR)=2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.8). A significant decrease of asthma incidence density was observed (8.2 cases to 3.5 cases per 1000 person/year). Factors associated with the incidence of asthma were allergic rhinitis (RR=4.05; 95% CI 1.7-9.6), bronchitis (RR=2.13; 95% CI 1.0-4.5), mother's age at time of birth (RR=0.87; 95% CI 0.8-0.9) and a pet other than a dog or cat (RR=0.42; 95% CI 0.2-0.9). For gender, some variations in the risk factors were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease in the incidence of asthma was observed. Several risk and protective factors were found.

Incidence of allergic rhinitis in a cohort of young adults from 13-15 years old to 23-25 years old in Castellon (Spain)

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) in young adults and its risk or protective factors. METHODS: A population-based prospective cohort study was carried out in 2012. The cohort participated in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood in Castellon in 1994 and 2002. A telephone survey was conducted using the same questionnaires. A new case of AR was defined as the participants free of the disease in 2002, who self-reported suffering from AR or taking medications for AR in the period 2002-2012. RESULTS: Of the 1805 schoolchildren in the cohort in 2002, 1435 young adults (23-25 years old) participated (follow-up 79.1%) in 2012; 743 were female and 692 male; their mean age was 24.9±0.6 years. Two hundred new cases of AR occurred in 1259 participants free of the disease with an incidence of 17.3 per 1000 person-years, and the incidence increased from 2002 (RR=1.42; 95% CI 1.15-1.75). The risk factors of AR adjusted by age and gender were sinusitis (RR=1.77; 95% CI 1.16-2.68), atopic dermatitis (RR=1.51; 95% CI 1.11-2.06) and constant exposure to truck traffic (RR=1.88; 95% CI 1.12-3.17). For male participants, the risk factors were asthma, sinusitis and atopic dermatitis, and for females bronchitis was a risk factor and presence of older siblings a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in AR incidence was observed. Sinusitis, atopic dermatitis and constant exposure to truck traffic were the risk factors of the AR with some differences by gender

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Incidence of allergic rhinitis in a cohort of young adults from 13-15 years old to 23-25 years old in Castellon (Spain).

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of Allergic Rhinitis (AR) in young adults and its risk or protective factors. METHODS: A population-based prospective cohort study was carried out in 2012. The cohort participated in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood in Castellon in 1994 and 2002. A telephone survey was conducted using the same questionnaires. A new case of AR was defined as the participants free of the disease in 2002, who self-reported suffering from AR or taking medications for AR in the period 2002-2012. RESULTS: Of the 1805 schoolchildren in the cohort in 2002, 1435 young adults (23-25 years old) participated (follow-up 79.1%) in 2012; 743 were female and 692 male; their mean age was 24.9±0.6 years. Two hundred new cases of AR occurred in 1259 participants free of the disease with an incidence of 17.3 per 1000 person-years, and the incidence increased from 2002 (RR=1.42; 95% CI 1.15-1.75). The risk factors of AR adjusted by age and gender were sinusitis (RR=1.77; 95% CI 1.16-2.68), atopic dermatitis (RR=1.51; 95% CI 1.11-2.06) and constant exposure to truck traffic (RR=1.88; 95% CI 1.12-3.17). For male participants, the risk factors were asthma, sinusitis and atopic dermatitis, and for females bronchitis was a risk factor and presence of older siblings a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in AR incidence was observed. Sinusitis, atopic dermatitis and constant exposure to truck traffic were the risk factors of the AR with some differences by gender.